THE BATIK MAKING PROCESS

Batik is a traditional process that uses wax-resist technique in its making. Wax resist methods prevents the dye from spreading to the entire cloth. The cloth used for Batik can either be cotton or silk as it can quickly absorb the wax used in dye resisting procedure. The fabric must be densely woven and should be of high quality so that the patterns are reflected in the Batik quality designs.The cloth used for Batik is initially washed and boiled in plain water for a certain times before the wax is applied. It is done so to remove all the traces of starch, lime, chalk or other chemicals are completed washed away from the cloth. The traditional method of creating Batik was that the cloth was ironed so that it becomes smooth and flexible and this helped to make best designs and Batik patterns. But now, the machine made cloth is smooth and supple enough to do the the ironing process. Generally this system was adopted in the Batik making process nowadays.

BEGINNER'S EQUIPMENT

The equipment you need to begin batik is fairly simple, and most of it can be found around the house.

Some old white sheets. Old, torn white cotton sheets have the advantage of being already free from chemical finishes (which would otherwise prevent the dye from penetrating).

Note: all new fabrics must be boiled to remove the finishing.

1.Candles, at least one containing beeswax.

2.Double boiler for melting wax.

3.Good quality artist's paintbrush.

4.Cold water dye and fixative.

5.Charcoal, or pencil, for making preliminary sketch.

6.Old picture frame

9 STEPS IN PROCESSING BATIK

	Step 1 The first wax is applied over the penciled-in outline of the pattern. Almost always the original cloth is white.
	Step 2: The cloth is dyed in the first dye bath. In this case the first dyebath is indigo blue colour. The area of the cloth where the wax was applied in Step 1 will remain white.
	Step 3: Second application of wax is applied. In this case it is a dark brown color. A poorer quality of wax is used to cover larger areas of cloth. The darker color helps to differentiate it from the first wax applied. Any parts that are covered with this wax application will remain the indigo color.

	Step 4: The cloth is dyed in the second dye bath. In this case it is a navy blue. Any areas that are not covered by wax will become dark blue.
	Step 5: All the wax that has been applied thus far is removed. This is done by heating the wax and scraping it off and also by applying hot water and sponging off the remaining wax.
	Step 6: Wax is applied to the area of the fabric that the artist wishes to remain the indigo blue color.

	Step 7: Wax is applied to the area of the fabric that the artist wishes to remain white.
	Step 8: The fabric is submerged in the final dye bath. In this case it is brown. Any areas of the cloth that have not been covered with wax will become brown.
	Step 9: The finished cloth after all of the wax has been removed.

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

WHO IS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN AFRICA?...

THE UNITED NATIONS IDENTIFIES INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AS HAVING THE FOLLOWING FEATURES...

*First peoples of a territory
*Politically, socially and economically marginalised
*A close relationship to the land and the sustainable use of natural resources
*A claim to specific territory based on a genealogical and cultural descent line
*Physically distinct from the dominant groups in some instances.

THEIR LIFESTYLE...

Africa's main indigenous groups are nomatic pastoralist who move from place to place in search of a better life. They are found in sub-saharan eastern Africa but can also be traced to countries in North Africa, like Algeria.

Besides pastoral nomads, some of them are hunter-gatherers, including the San people of Southern Africa, who are known as 'bush peolpe' in Namibia, Angola and Botswana. They are mostly from hunting and gathering societies or from nomatic herding peoples (cattle, sheep and camel herders). Still today Africa has the largerst number of peoples livinBesides pastoral nomads, some of Africa's indigenous peoples are hg as hunter-gatherers or herders.

PROBLEMS FACING INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN AFRICA...

*The presence and identity of indigenous peoples is not acknowledged by most African governments
*Human rights of indigenous peoples are regularly violated
*Ancestral territories, including forest areas, have been taken over by private ownership or activities such as agriculture, logging and infrastructure projects (roads, oil pipeline etc)
*Indigenous peoples’ customary laws and land rights are not recognised under Bantu customary law or national legislation
*Indigenous peoples are being displaced from their lands, without alternative livelihoods or land compensation
*Traditional food and medicine is cut off and ancestral lands and forests are being destroyed
*Valuable traditional knowledge and culture is being lost as indigenous peoples are denied access to their lands and forests
*In most African countries, indigenous peoples are not represented in government or administration
*Indigenous peoples are vulnerable to AIDS and other diseases when their lands are opened up to outsiders.

Sunday, September 6, 2009

printing media


what is printing media?

Printing is a process for reproducing text and image, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large-scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing.Media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally mechanical and photochemical.Written advertising that may be included in everything from newspapers and magazines to direct mail, signs, and billboards.

modern innovation:

electronic devices, as well as other technological advances, has introduced a new era in the evolution of printing. In recent years the use of photographic processes has expanded greatly, and the development of The development of typewriters and personal computers capable of delivering justified and proportionally spaced copy has made possible the production of camera-ready books and has met the demands for several special types of printing.In recent years some newspapers have started to use pagination systems, in which newspapers are electronically composed by computer, output to a negative, and a plate is made of the negative.

example for printing media..

Advantages of printing media:

Different types of print media (newspapers and magazines) have a loyal readership. This can be very useful for advertisers as compared to advertising on the Internet.

Local newspaper would be a best medium to advertise about a new shopping complex.

You can choose the size of the advertisement space. This will help you to plan the budget of the expenses to be incurred while advertising.
Certain forms of print media have a very loyal fans following in terms of readers.

This would guarantee you added readership.Magazines and newspapers are always in the eye amongst public.

Disadvantages of printing media:
The cost incurred can sometimes be expensive considering the medium you choose.

The shelf life of any particular print medium is limited.
Newspapers for example, are amongst the public eye only for a day.

This medium may not always give you a wide reach.
Internet, on the other hand, can target a global audience.

You may have to plan months in advance to advertise in print media.

It does not offer you flexibility when you are faced with a tight deadline.
Advertisements may get lost in all the clutter of editorial and ads by competitors.

Posted by benz at 8:45 AM

PRESSING ISSUES: =

The word emo is a abreviation of the word emotional.Nowadays,the emo lifestyle has been influenced most of teenagers in the world wide.the term of the teenagers who involved on this lifestyle is emo kids.Actually,emo is a combination of the music genre between hardcore and punk music which was very popular in washington DC in 80's.It is not only an attitude but also afashion that are coming from emocore (emo music).People who are emo are usually having sad feeling or emotional.They are not strong enough to hide their emotions,they're sensitive,shy,introverted,and often quiet.They are also usually cries frequently,hate their life,their parents and environment situation.The emo fashion or clothing has roots in both punk and gothic. They wear tight jeans on males and females alike, long fringe( bangs ) and keeping covering their eye. Their hair are also dyed, black or brown with perharps some blonde or unnatural colour streaks, especially on bangs and straightened hair. The emokids usually wear tight t-shirt, studded belts, belts buckles , skates shoes or sneakers.The emo is associated with being bitter, depressed, insecure and resentful. They also like to express their feelings to writing poems and song lyrics about their problem with depression, loneliness, confusion and anger. All of these are because the world fails to understand them. Beside that, they also like to go to gigs.In Malaysia,the situation is different.No much people here really understand what is the emo culture.They only dress like emo,but without fully understanding the culture of it.
Posted by benz at 09:46

DEMOGRAPHIC ETHNICITY AND ANCHENTRIES IN MALAYSIA

Malaysia is a beautiful country with many wonderful ethnics with different custom and anchestries. We are here to give you all the information regarding to ethnicity and anchestries in our beloved country,Malaysia. Here we begin..

ETHNIC GROUPS IN MALAYSIA...

Nationwide :

Banjarese · Malay · Chinese · Indian · Bugis ·lPeninsular Malaysia:Baba Nyonya · Malaccan · Malaysian Siam · Minangkabau ·lSarawak: Bidayuh · Bisaya · Bukitan · Iban · Kayan · Kedayan · Kelabit · Kenyah · Lun Bawang · Melanau · Penan · Punan · Selako · UkitlSabah: Bajau · · Dusun · Ida'an · Kadazan · Lotud · Murut · Orang Sungai · Rungus · Suluk

THE LANGUANGES...

In Malaysia,different ethnics using different languange to communicate. For example,malays usually use malay languange,for Chinese,they use mandarin at school but they are most cantonese. While for Indians,they mostly used tamil for their languange. Also for others ethnic like Iban,Kadazan and others they also have their own languange. However,when all the Malaysian with different ethnics want to communicate,they will used malay languange as the lingua franca.

ANCHENTRIES...

Anchentry Claimed Population:

Acehnese 20,000 - 1,000,000

Arab 500,000 - 1,000,000

Banjarese 3,000,000

Bugis 1,284,000-7,500,007

Cham 10,000 - 100,000

Chinese 217,100 - 500,000

Indian 200,000 - 1,000,000

Javanese 1,283,946 - 3,000,000

Minangkabau 300,000 - 1,000,000

Vietnamese 200,000 - 1,000,000

AS THE CONCLUSION...

Ethnic groups:

Malay 60%,Chinese 25%,indians 10%,others 5%

Religions:

Muslim 65%, Buddhist 20%, Cristian 9%, Hindu 5%,free or none 1%.

Languanges:

Bahasa Malaysia(official languange),English,Chinese(cantonese,hakka,mandarin,hainan),Tamil